1. the Proposal and Declaration is incorporated in and is the basis of this insurance contract;
2. the Insured will pay the Premium specified in the Schedule;
3. the Company will provide the insurance subject to the terms and conditions of this Policy in respect of any Event occurring during the Period of Insurance specified in the Schedule; and
4. the following shall be conditions precedent to any liability of the Company:
   1. observance of the terms and conditions of this Policy relating to anything to be done or not to be done or to be complied with by the Insured or any other person claiming to be indemnified and
   2. the truth of the Proposal and Declaration.

1. "The Company" means Tugu Insurance Company Limited.
2. "Event" means any one event or series of events arising out of one common cause or source in connection with the Motor Car.
3. "Geographical Area" means the territories of Hong Kong and includes its territorial waters for the purpose of the transit of the Motor Car by sea including incidental loading or unloading.
4. "The Insured" means the person specified as such in the Schedule.
5. "Insured Driver" means the Insured or any other person who is driving on the Insured's order or with his permission provided that the Insured or the person driving holds a licence to drive the Motor Car or has held and is not disqualified from holding or obtaining such a licence. The term "licence" means a licence or other permit required under the laws or regulations or by the licensing authority of the Geographical Area.
6. "The Motor Car" means the motor car specified in the Schedule.
7. "The Policy" means this Private Motor Car Insurance Policy the Schedule and any memoranda and endorsements contained herein of endorsed hereon which shall be read as one document and any word or expression to which a specific meaning has been assigned shall bear such meaning throughout.
8. "The Proposal and Declaration" means any signed proposal form and declaration and any information supplied by or on behalf of the Insured in addition thereto or in substitution therefor.
9. "The Schedule" means the pages attached to this Policy specifying the terms and details of this insurance contract.
10. In this Policy, unless the context otherwise requires, the singular includes the plural and vice versa, and a reference to one gender includes a reference to the other genders.

1. Where the "Operative Insurance Cover" in the Schedule is stated to be "Comprehensive Insurance", Section (I), (II) and (III) of this Policy are operative.
2. Where the "Operative Insurance Cover" in the Schedule is stated to be ''Third Party Legal Liabilities Insurance", only Section (II) of this Policy is operative.

1. The Company will indemnify the Insured against loss of or damage to the Motor Car and/or its accessories and/or its spare parts whilst thereon. The Company may, at its option, repair reinstate or replace the Motor Car and/or its accessories and/or its spare parts or pay in cash the amount of such loss or damage.

   The Company's indemnity pursuant to this paragraph 5(a) is limited to:

   1. the reasonable market value of the Motor Car at the time of its loss or damage; or
   2. the Insured's Estimated Value of the Motor Car as specified in the Schedule; whichever is the lesser amount
2. If the Motor Car is disabled by reason of loss or damage insured by this Policy, the Company will additionally pay the reasonable cost of:
   1. protection and removal of the Motor Car to the nearest repairer; and
   2. redelivery after repair to the Insured's address within the Geographical Area where the loss or damage was sustained;
   provided that the amount recoverable hereunder shall not exceed 20% of the agreed cost of repairs to the Motor Car.
3. In the event of loss of or damage to the Motor Car and/or its accessories and/or its spare parts necessitating the supply of a part not obtainable from stock held in the Geographical Area in which the Motor Car is held for repair or in the event of the Company exercising the option to pay in cash the amount of the loss or damage the liability of the Company in respect of any such part will be limited to the price quoted in the latest catalogue or price list issued by the manufacturer or his agents for the Geographical Area in which the Motor Car is held for repair or, if no such catalogue or price list exists, the price last obtaining at the manufacturer's works plus the reasonable cost of transport otherwise than by air to the Geographical Area in which the Motor Car is held for repair and the amount of the relative import duty and the reasonable cost of fitting such part.

1. If at the Insured's request a Hire Purchase Owner has been specified in the Schedule or in a Memorandum endorsed hereon, any payment in cash by the Company in respect of loss of or damage to the Motor Car shall be made to the Hire Purchase Owner so specified whose receipt shall be a full and final discharge of all liability of the Company in respect of such loss or damage.
2. The Insured may authorise the repair of the Motor Car necessitated by damage for which the Company may be liable under this Policy provided that:
   1. the estimated cost of such repair does not exceed the amount specified in the Schedule as "Authorised Repair Limit",
   2. the Company is furnished forthwith with a detailed estimate of the repair cost; and
   3. the Insured shall give the Company every assistance to see that such repair is necessary and the charge is reasonable.
3. Where repair cost to the Motor Car is the subject of a claim under Section (I), the Company shall have a right of veto concerning a proposed place of repair or repair firm.

1. consequential loss,
2. depreciation wear and tear mechanical or electrical breakdown failure or breakage;
3. damage to tyres unless damage is caused to other parts of the Motor Car at the same time; and
4. any claims excesses applicable to Section (I).

1. In respect of any Event giving rise to a claim (other than an Event of theft or attempted theft), the Company will not be liable for the first amount of such claim specified in the Schedule as "General Excess".
2. The first amount of any claim for which the Company is not liable pursuant to paragraph 8(a) will be increased if at the time of the occurrence of the Event giving rise to the claim:
   1. the Motor Car is being driven by a person other than a "Named Driver" specified in the Schedule, by an additional amount by way of the "Unnamed Driver Excess" specified in the Schedule;
   2. the Motor Car is being driven by a person under 25 years of age, by an additional amount by way of the "Young Driver Excess" specified in the Schedule;
   3. the Motor Car is being driven by a person who has not held for a period of 2 years a driving licence (other than a provisional driving licence), by an additional amount by way of the "Inexperienced Driver Excess" specified in the Schedule;
   4. the Motor Car is parked, by an additional amount by way of the "Parking Damage Excess" specified in the Schedule.
3. In respect of any claim arising out of theft or attempted theft of the Motor Car, the Company will not be liable for the first amount of each claim specified in the Schedule as the "Theft Loss Excess".
4. In the event of a claim under Section (I):
   1. if paragraph 8(c) is applicable, then paragraphs 8(a) and 8(b) will not be applicable;
   2. if paragraph 8(a) and any or more of sub-paragraphs 8(b)(i), 8(b)(ii), 8(b)(iii) and 8(b)(iv) are applicable, the first amount of such claim for which the Company is not liable will be calculated cumulatively;
   3. if the expenditure incurred by the Company shall include any amount for which the Company is not liable pursuant to paragraphs 8(a), 8(b), or 8(c), the Insured shall forthwith repay such amount to the Company.
5. The provisions of paragraphs 8(a) and 8(b) shall not apply to loss of or damage to the Motor Car caused by fire self-ignition lightning or explosion which arises independently and not out of any preceding accident involving the Motor Car.

1. death of or bodily injury to any person; and/or
2. damage to property.

1. The Company's indemnity to the Insured and/or any other person claiming to be indemnified under Section (II) including claimant's cost and expenses and other costs and expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Insured and/or such other person with the Company's written consent arising out of any Event is limited to:
   1. in respect of death of or bodily injury to any person pursuant to sub-paragraph 9(a), the amount specified in the Schedule as Policy Liability Limit "Third Party Death Or Bodily Injury", and
   2. in respect of damage to property pursuant to sub-paragraph 9(b), the amount specified in the Schedule as Policy Liability Limit "Third Party Property Damage".
   Where this Policy insures more than one Motor Car, the limitations of the Company's indemnity will nevertheless apply irrespective of the number of insured Motor Cars that may be involved in the same Event.
2. If the occurrence of any Event results in indemnity to more than one person, the limitations of the Company's indemnity specified in paragraph 10(a) will apply to the aggregate of indemnity to all persons claiming to be indemnified and shall apply in priority to the Insured.
3. At any time after the happening of any Event giving rise to a claim or a series of claims under Section (II) the Company may pay to the Insured and/or any other person claiming to be indemnified the respective full amount of the Company's liability specified in paragraph 10a (after the deduction of any sums already paid) or any lesser amount for which such claims can be settled and the Company shall relinquish the conduct of any defence settlement or proceedings and shall not then be responsible for damages payable to the claimant and claimant's costs or for any damages alleged to have been caused to the Insured or such person in consequence of any alleged action or omission of the Company in connection with such defence settlement or proceedings or of the Company relinquishing such conduct nor shall the Company be liable for any costs or expenses whatsoever incurred by the Insured or by such person or by any claimant or other person after the Company shall have relinquished such conduct.

1. In the event of the death of any person entitled to indemnity under Section (II), the Company will in respect of the liability incurred by such person indemnify his legal personal representative in terms of and subject to the limitations of this insurance which apply to such person.
2. The Company may at its own option and expense:
   1. arrange for representation at any inquest or fatal inquiry in respect of any death which may be the subject of indemnity under Section (II); and/or
   2. undertake the defence of proceedings in any court of law in respect of any act or alleged offence causing or relating to any event which may be the subject of indemnity under Section (II).

1. to indemnify any person claiming to be indemnified:
   1. unless such person shall observe fulfil and be subject to the terms and conditions of this Policy in so far as they can apply; or
   2. if such person is entitled to indemnity under any other insurance policy;
2. in respect of death of or bodily injury to any person arising out of and in the course of such person's employment by :
   1. any person (including the Insured) claiming to be indemnified under Section (II); or
   2. the employer of any person (including the Insured's) claiming to be indemnified under Section (II);
3. in respect of damage to property belonging to or held in trust by or in the custody or control of:
   1. any person (including the Insured) claiming to be indemnified under Section (II); or
   2. a member of the same household of any person (including the Insured's) claiming to be indemnified under Section (II);
4. in respect of judgements which are not in the first instance delivered by or obtained from a court of competent jurisdiction of Hong Kong;
5. any claims excesses applicable to Section (II).

1. In respect of any Event giving rise to a claim for indemnity against liabilities for third party property damage, the Company will not be liable for the first amount of such claim specified in the Schedule as "Third Party Property Damage Excess".
2. If the expenditure incurred by the Company resulting from a claim includes the amount for which the Company is not liable pursuant to paragraph 13a, the Insured shall forthwith repay such amount to the Company.

If the Company is obliged by the laws of any country within the Geographical Area or by virtue of any agreement between the Company and The Motor Insurers' Bureau of Hong Kong to pay an amount for which the Company would not otherwise be liable under this Policy the person on whose account the payment is made (whether that person is the Insured or any other person) shall forthwith repay such amount to the Company.

The Company will pay to the Insured the reasonable medical expenses incurred in connection with any bodily injury by violent accidental external and visible means sustained by the Insured or the Insured Driver (other than the Insured) or any occupant of the Motor Car as the direct and immediate result of an accident to the Motor Car, provided always that the Company's liability under Section (III) arising out of any Event shall not exceed the amount specified in the Schedule as Section (III) "Policy Limit of Indemnity".

1. In the event of no claim being made or arising under this Policy during any of the periods of insurance specified below, the next renewal premium shall be reduced by the Discount specified hereunder:
   Periods of Insurance

   The Discount (On Renewal Premium)

   One year

   20%

   2 consecutive years

   30%

   3 consecutive years

   40%

   4 consecutive years

   50%

   5 or more consecutive years

   60%
2. If a claim has been made or has arisen under this Policy during a period of insurance of which the Discount is 40% or less, the Discount shall be forfeited.
   If a single claim has been made or has arisen under this Policy during a period of insurance of which the Discount is 50% or 60%, the said Discount shall be reduced at the next renewal to 20% or 30% respectively, but if more than one claim has been made or has arisen, the Discount shall be forfeited.
3. For the avoidance of doubt, any claim made under any part of this Policy during a period of insurance shall result in cancellation or reduction of the Discount pursuant to paragraph 16(b) notwithstanding any assertion or allegation that the Insured and/or the person claiming to be indemnified is not to be blamed for or has not contributed to the occurrence of the Event resulting in the claim under this Policy.
4. In the event of a transfer of interest in the Policy with the Company's prior consent from one Insured to another the claimfree period of qualification for the Discount so far as it affects the new Insured shall commence afresh with effect from the date of transfer, and the original Insured shall retain his right to the Discount earned up to the date of transfer which right is applicable to any motor insurance policy taken out by the original Insured on any one private motor car within 12 months of the date of transfer.
5. If more than one Motor Car is insured under this Policy, the Discount shall be applied as if a separate Policy had been issued in respect of each such Motor Car.

The Company will not be liable under this Policy in respect of:

1. any accident loss damage or liability caused sustained or incurred:
   1. outside the Geographical Area;
   2. whilst on the Insured's order or with his permission or to his knowledge the Motor Car in respect of which indemnity is provided by this Policy is being used otherwise than in accordance with the Limitations As To Use Of The Motor Car, or being driven by any person other than an Insured Driver or is for the purposes of being driven by him in the charge of such person;
2. any accident loss damage or liability (except so far as is necessary to meet the requirements of the Motor Vehicles Insurance (Third Party Risks) Ordinance) directly or indirectly proximately or remotely occasioned by contributed to by or traceable to or arising out of or in connection with:
   1. war invasion act of foreign enemy hostilities or warlike operations (whether war be declared or not) civil war mutiny rebellion revolution insurrection military or usurped power;
   2. strike riot civil commotion; or
   3. detention seizure confiscation or any attempt thereat;
   or by any direct or indirect consequences of any of the said occurrences;
3. any liability which attaches by virtue of an agreement but which would not have attached in the absence of such agreement;
4. any accident loss or damage to any property whatsoever or any loss or expense whatsoever resulting or arising therefrom or any consequential loss or any liability of whatsoever nature directly or indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arising from ionising radiation or contamination by radioactivity from any nuclear fuel or from any nuclear waste from the combustion of nuclear fuel and, for the purpose of this paragraph 17(d), combustion shall include any self-sustaining process of nuclear fission; and
5. any accident loss damage or liability directly or indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arising from nuclear weapon materials.

1. Every notice or communication to be given or made under this Policy shall be delivered in writing to the Company.
2. In the event of any occurrence which may give rise to a claim under this Policy the Insured shall immediately give notice thereof to the Company with full particulars. Every letter claim writ summons and process shall be notified or forwarded to the Company immediately on receipt by the Insured. Notice shall also be given in writing to the Company immediately the Insured or any person claiming to be indemnified shall have knowledge of any impending prosecution inquest or fatal inquiry in respect of any occurrence which may give rise to a claim under this Policy. In case of theft or other criminal act which may be the subject of a claim under this Policy the Insured shall give immediate notice to the Police and cooperate with the Company in securing the conviction of the offender.
3. No admission offer promise payment or indemnity shall be made or given by or on behalf of the Insured or any person claiming to be indemnified without the prior written consent of the Company which shall be entitled to take over and conduct in the name of the Insured or such person the defence or settlement of any claim or to prosecute in the name of the Insured or such person for the Company's own benefit any claim for indemnity or damages or otherwise and the Company shall have full discretion in the conduct of any proceedings and in the settlement of any claim and the Insured and such person shall give all such information and assistance as the Company may require.
4. The Insured shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard the Motor Car from loss or damage and to maintain it in efficient condition and the Company shall have at all times free and full access to examine the Motor Car or any part thereof or any driver or employee of the Insured. In the event of any accident or breakdown the Motor Car shall not be left unattended without proper precautions being taken to prevent further damage or loss and if the Motor Car be driven before the necessary repairs are effected any extension of the damage or any further damage to the Motor Car shall be excluded from the scope of indemnity granted by this Policy.
5. The Company may cancel this Policy by giving seven days' notice by registered letter to the Insured at his last known address and in such event will return to the Insured the Premium paid less the prorata portion thereof for the period the Policy has been in force or the Policy may be cancelled at any time by the Insured on seven days' notice and (provided no claim has arisen during the current Period of Insurance and the current Certificate of Insurance has been returned to the Company on or before the date of cancellation) the Insured shall be entitled to a return of premium less the premium calculated at the Company's short period rates for the period the Policy has been in force.
6. If at the time any claim arises under this Policy there is any other insurance covering the same loss damage or liability the Company shall not be liable to pay or contribute more than its rateable proportion of any loss damage compensation costs or expenses provided always that nothing in this paragraph 18f shall impose on the Company any liability from which but for this paragraph 18(f) it would have been relieved pursuant to subparagraph 12(a)(ii).
7. All differences arising out of this Policy shall be determined by arbitration in accordance with the prevailing Arbitration Ordinance. If the parties fail to agree upon the choice of arbitrators or umpires, then the choice shall be referred to the Chairman for the time being of the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre. It is expressly stipulated that it shall be a condition precedent to any right of action or suit upon this Policy that an arbitration award shall be first obtained. If the Company shall disclaim liability to the Insured for any claim hereunder and such claim shall not within twelve calendar months from the date of such disclaimer have been referred to arbitration under the provisions herein contained then the claim shall for all purposes be deemed to have been abandoned and shall not thereafter be recoverable hereunder.
8. This Policy is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of Hong Kong and is to be construed according to the laws of Hong Kong.